New Love Quotes

Love, whether it strikes at sixteen or sixty always brings with it a rush that is hard to capture in words. Despite this, many authors, writers, and celebrities have tried to express the magic of new love. Here are some new love quotes that represent attempts to articulate the experience of new love. Friedrich Nietzsche There is always some madness in love. But there is also always some reason in madness.D. H. Lawrence I am in love - and, my God, it is the greatest thing that can happen to a man. I tell you, find a woman you can fall in love with. Do it. Let yourself fall in love. If you have not done so already, you are wasting your life.Antoine de Saint, Exupery Perhaps love is the process of my gently leading you back to yourself.Alice Walker I have learned not to worry about love; But to honor its coming with all my heart.Soren Kierkegaard Dont forget to love yourself.Fred Allen It is probably not love that makes the world go around, but rather those mutually supportive alliances through which partners recognize their dependence on each other for the achievement of shared and private goals.Anonymous A good marriage is like a casserole, only those responsible for it really know what goes in it.Reinhold Niebuhr Forgiveness is the final form of love.Peter Ustinov Love is an act of endless forgiveness, a tender look which becomes a habit.br/>Marcus Aurelius Accept the things to which fate binds you, and love the people with whom fate brings you together, but do so with all your heart.Mickey Rooney Women like me because I make them laugh. And what is an orgasm, except laughter of the loins?Saul Bellow The body, she says, is subject to the forces of gravity. But the soul is ruled by levity, pure.Boris Pasternak Love is not weakness. It is strong. Only the sacrament of marriage can contain it.Leo Buscaglia Love is always open arms. If you close your arms about love you will find that you are left holding only yourself.Antoine de Saint-Exupery For true love is inexhaustible; the more you give, the more you have. And if you go to draw at the true fountainhead, the more water you draw, the more abundant is its flow.

American Dream or American Scream Essay - 1273 Words

America the beautiful. With its spacious skies and amber waves of grain. From one shining sea to another lies this relatively adolescent country. An â€Å"unestablished† land until very recently, the United States of America was adopted and cultured like one of Brangelina’s children. In crept the â€Å"American Dream†, laced with its fierce politics and even fiercer religious perspectives, simultaneously providing its citizens the fire and passion that drives all, if not many cultures. And, with such a rapid development of diversity in such a short amount of time, there arose a particular cohesiveness amongst families that surpassed all its rivals. Memories of sporting events, movie dates, and trips to Disneyland released charges of dopamine†¦show more content†¦One could say with conviction that the way a country regards its inhabitants; more importantly the care of its children, the equality of its women, as well as its interactions among fellow c ountrymen, is a direct reflection of the overall happiness of that country. There is positively no doubt that the children of the world represent the future. As blanket a statement as it may be, it is a completely different venture to actually empower the youth with the tools they will need as they progress further into adulthood. Here in the United States, I’d like to think we take good care of our children for the most part. We provide them with a public education that is funded by the government, which also funds an incredibly unbeatable military force. Additionally, if a youngster is athletically gifted he or she might be granted a scholarship to a university on what is called a â€Å"free ride†. Thus, it would seem that every American child has the opportunity to achieve such heights. However, it would be faulty to assume that this type of system simply constitutes the success of all youth who are educated in the United States. In a study provided by the U .S. Department of Education and National Institute of Literacy, â€Å"32 million adults can’t read. That’s 14 percent of the population. [Also] 21 percent of adults in the U.S. read below a 5th grade level, and 19 percentShow MoreRelatedIn Death of a Salesman as well as in American Beauty, the main conflicts revolve around a great1300 Words   |  6 PagesIn Death of a Salesman as well as in American Beauty, the main conflicts revolve around a great basic problem, which is the appearance as a way of life and expression to the outside. Following this, they will all problems relating to the relationships between the characters, and the lack of communication in the families. It could also be seen in both works that the characters go through great efforts pretending to be happy with themselves. Willy Loman which may sound Low Man- man, writersRead MoreA Personal Statement about the Things I Have Learned in This Course1366 Words   |  6 Pageslearned in this course have stimulated my imagination and ability to think critically. I have been intrigued most by learning about art through history, from Caravaggio to Munch. The topic that confused and bothered me the most was related to the American Civil War, which illuminates the dark side of the countrys history. Because of my future ambitions, I believe that our understanding of why Hollywood became the center of the movie industry over other cities is useful knowledge to me personallyRead MoreThe Failure Of The American Dream1092 Words   |  5 Pages The Unavoidable Failure of the American Dream When times are hard many resort to dreaming about their perfect image of what life can be. Their dream will be unattainable because life is never perfect. The American Dream is an idea many thought about during the Great Depression because times were harder for the average working American. The Great Depression occurred during the 1930s when the economy collapsed and eventually one out of four people became unemployed. The Dust Bowl added to the stressRead MorePersuasive Essay : The Definition Of The American Dream980 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica the beautiful! The land of the free and of equal opportunity. The home of the American dream. This expression to most people has a peculiar meaning. Most people would define the American Dream as the upbringing of success, the ability to control destiny, and to enjoy freedom due to the American social, economic, and political system. According to the Oxford English Dictionary Online, the American Dream means the ideal that every US citizen should have an equal opportunity to achieve successRead MoreThe Great Gatsby Analysis902 Words   |  4 Pages In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald tells us story of both great riches and secrets. A story that highlights both the glory and the deceit behind the roaring 1920’s. Fitzgerald conveys to us a theme of the decline of the American dream in the 1920’s. This is seen in both the book, and the 2007 on screen adaptation of the Great Gatsby. In the novel, by Fitzgerald Jay Gatsby lives with a certain swagger and aura around him that he seems almost mesmerizing. Nick Carraway, theRead MoreLiterature And Art : The Sun Also Rises, The Great Gatsby, And Night1502 Words   |  7 Pagescharacters and the story they wrote or drew was based on their perspective of the era when their written books or painting. In this essay I will be talking about the events in literature (The Sun Also Rises, The Great Gatsby, and Night) and art (The Scream, and The Persistence of Memory). I will be showing you example indication what event which books and art came from by showing you quotes or explaining how it related to what event. The first piece of literature I will talk about take place duringRead MoreEssay Marlee Matlin Biography for Asl724 Words   |  3 PagesMarlee matlin biography Marlee Matlin is an Academy Award winning American Actress and author. She has been deaf since she was 18 months old, she is also a prominent member of the Deaf community and supports the use of sign language, closed captioning, and is an active member of the National Association of the Deaf. Marlee Beth Matlin was born on August 24, 1965, in Morton Grove, Illinois. Her mother, Libby, was a jewelry sales woman and her father, Donald, operated a used car dealershipRead MoreDeath of a Salesman Analysis675 Words   |  3 Pageshappens when a dream, especially the American dream, dies, as seen through the life of Willy Loman, a pathetic, self-deluded salesman. The play follows the family through painful conflicts, significant issues such as national values, and the price of blind fate while working toward the ‘American Dream’. The major problem woven into the plot discusses how Willy, insufficiently, attempts to be able to die ‘the death of a salesman’, both wealthy and comfortable. In this play, the American character isRead MoreEssay on The Corruption of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby1302 Words   |  6 Pagesjustify their actions, and it is what everyone longs for. This theme is better known as the American dream.The Great Gatsby is repr esentative of the American dream in multiple ways. There are some aspects of the novel that symbolize the overall corruption of the American dream; there are others that signify the love of wealth, and the division of rich and poor. What exactly is the American dream? The American dream can be described as an idea, a concept, and a way of life. It can even be described asRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Luck Of Roaring Camp 1423 Words   |  6 Pagestheir chance to for the freedom to do what they wanted. This is where the â€Å"American Dream† arose from. According to Dictionary.com, the American Dream is defined as â€Å"The ideal that every U.S. citizen should have an equal opportunity to achieve success and prosperity through hard work, determination, and initiative.† While this definition may be true, I believe that there is much more to it. I believe that the American dream is different for each and every person. Literature is a great medium to see

Value Of Capital Punishment Essay - 1854 Words

Alli Kozman and Tara Maynard Mrs. Parker Capital Punishment Essay 10 March 2017 The Value of Capital Punishment Reagan Tokes, 21-year-old psychology major at the Ohio State University, was expected to graduate in the spring of this year; her plan was cut short on February 8th, 2017. On this night, Reagan was abducted by Brian L. Golsby while leaving her work in Columbus’ Short North. She was taken to an ATM on South High Street and forced to withdraw money before being raped and shot in Grove City. Reagan’s naked body was found abandoned at the entrance of Scioto Metro Park the next day by a visiting couple. After finding DNA evidence in Reagan’s car, Golsby was arrested on February 11th and charged with aggravated robbery, kidnapping,†¦show more content†¦This behavior was not short lived. Three years later, Golsby was required to undergo a â€Å"sex-offender assessment† and eventually served six years at the age of 23 for rape. The murder and rape of Reagan Tokes occurred only three months after his release (Burger and Futty A7). Golsby is one of t he many prisoners who immediately commit another, and often worse, crime after getting out of prison. The shortening of sentences is a flawed part of the American judiciary system as criminals are trusted to be released into society by simply promising they will act in â€Å"good behavior† in the future. Countless examples have shown that this promise is not often kept. Life imprisonment sentences are too dangerous for criminals with a history of repeated offences. Capital punishment is a necessity to ensure safety in society from prisoners that have committed unforgivable acts. The danger of shortened sentences is made more alarming by the negative effects a toxic prison environment can have on mental stability. While various opponents of the death penalty claim that prison can change criminals for the better, the Stanford Prison Experiment concluded that quite the opposite is true. This experiment placed average people in a prison setting for two weeks in which some acted as prisoners and others as guards. However, half of the participants were forced to leave early and theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Capital Punishment Cheapens the Value of Human Life1588 Words   |  7 PagesReserved today for the most serious crimes [notably murder and treason] , the death penalty [or its analogue capital punishment], is the judicially ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a ‘capital’ crime (definitions differing from State to State). Such brutal killing of a citizen by the State dates back to antiquity. In fact, from an objective standpoint, the Gospels account of the trial and later crucifixion of Christ over two thousand (2000) years ago can be considered as a classicalRead MoreArgument For Capital Punishment889 Words   |  4 PagesThis essay will be discussing whether the death penalty is wrong. I will be arguing in favor of capital punishment and will be presenting several arguments to back up my position. First, an understanding of what the death penalty is and why it is used currently needs to be established. The death penalty has been around almost as long as humans have. It is a form of punishment that is a deterrent for other criminals. Also, capital punishment is a way to prevent the criminal being put to death fromRead MoreGeorge Orwells Stance on Capital Punishment in Essay, A Hanging611 Words   |  3 Pages The essay â€Å"A Hanging† by George Orwell speaks to the reader about the author’s stance on capital punishment. I believe that Orwell was able to communicate his point, without actual ly saying I’m against capital punishment, through three steps. The first step is to set the mood and bring you into his perspective. From the dreary description of the morning to the slow procession of the condemned man to the gallows, Orwell puts the reader in a mood that conveys the experience of watching a man die.Read MorePersuasive Essay On Capital Punishment1621 Words   |  7 PagesThe use of capital punishment in the United States has been the center of a heated debate for nearly six decades. Prior to the 1960’s society accepted the idea that the interpretation of the fifth, eighth, and fourteenth amendment permitted the use of capital punishment; however, it was suggested in the 1960’s that capital punishment constituted â€Å"cruel and unusual punishment†. (www.deathpenaltyinfo.org) â€Å"In 1958, the Supreme Court had decided that the Eighth Amendment contained an evolving standardRead MoreKoch Body Paragraphs860 Words   |  3 PagesKoch Bo dy Paragraphs In April 1985, Edward I. Koch published his essay on capital punishment in the liberal magazine New Republic. Koch was a hardworking congressman who eventually became the gutsy mayor of New York between 1978 and 1989. In his essay â€Å"Death and Justice†, he addresses common arguments liberals make against the death penalty. According to Koch, â€Å"Life is indeed precious.... had the death penalty been a real possibility in the minds of these murderers, they might well have stayedRead MoreCritical Analysis: Death and Justice by Edward Kotch1549 Words   |  7 PagesThe Unbiased Truth: An Overview of Edward Koch’s Controversial Essay ‘Death and Justice’ In his essay with regard to capital punishment entitled â€Å"Death and Justice†, which first appeared in The New Republic on April 15, 1985, Edward I. Koch aggressively refutes the claims of individuals who are opposed to the subject matter with seven firm and satisfying points. A native of New York, born 1924, Koch was an American lawyer, politician, political commentator and a reality television arbitrator.Read MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Legal?1638 Words   |  7 Pagesdebatable topic than ever. Although some people think capital punishment, just like death penalty, is a inhuman act which against human s rights for life and it is too cruel to give the criminals another chance to live a new life. I suppose capital punishment is still an effective way to deter violent criminals, because it can give comfort to the victims and their families. Also, death penalty gives citizens the right message, that is, punishment is proportionate to crimes. And from economically speakin gRead MoreA Liberal Perspective On Capital Punishment1247 Words   |  5 PagesPerspective on Capital Punishment The liberal ideology is based in the values of individualism, in that the individual themselves is important in their pursuit and struggle for freedom. There are some factors that are common in liberalism, some of which include: liberty, formation of equality and dominance of individuals in bearing within their society. This essay will discuss these ideas of liberalism in relation to how they support the controversial issue of capital punishment. Capital punishment is theRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is It Ever Justified?958 Words   |  4 PagesWho places the value on human life? That was the underline thought in each one of the essays read, which were written about the death penalty. Throughout this essay I will be using examples from multiple sources. Marie Cartier â€Å"Right to Life vs Right to A Life†, Edward Koch â€Å"The Death Penalty: Is it Ever Justified?†, David Bruck â€Å"The Death Penalty† which is a direct response to Koch, and lastly Zachary Shem tob and David Lat â€Å" Should Executions Be Televised†. It should also be stated that when talkingRead MoreThe Case Against Death Penalty: Article Analysis1694 Words   |  7 Pagesconsenting adults. While there have been ongoing calls to abolish this sentence, capital punishment is still used in some cases on the basis that international law does not prohibit the death penalty. However, its now apparent that many nations across the globe are abolishing capital punishment as evident in the fact that various international treaties now outlaw the death penalty. One of the major reasons capital punishment has largely been used in the past is the publication of various studies that

Interpersonal Communication Problems Essay - 799 Words

Interpersonal Communication Problems Over the telephone my boss gives me an instruction. I hear it, give my recognition, hang up then realize that I am not clear on exactly what it is that I am to do. Something about the proper way to add up my hours is the basic message, but the way she has explained it is not clear to me. Yet. As far as she is concerned, every word she spoke, that is, the way she described her instructions, was perfectly spelled out. She sits in her office confident that her explanation is clear, while I sit behind my desk like some detective trying to solve this great mystery. Although I understood every word she spoke, what she spoke does not register. No eureka bells are setting off. I have trouble decoding her†¦show more content†¦Even Chandler himself proposes that communication is about meaning rather than information . . . and information and meaning arises only in the process of listeners, readers or viewers actively making sense of what they hear or see, meaning effective communicati on is relative, debatable, up in the air. On the other hand, contemporary communication theorists claim that individual thoughts and feelings do not play a role in communication because even our language isnt our own. Words have connotations we dont choose for them. An emphasis on creative individuality is itself a culturally-shaped myth . . . This kind of logic seems to define human communication as being uniform and unchanging, like that of fish or birds who seem to react and act as a collective. That is, they seem to have socialized maneuvers and/or means of communication. Consider the way birds and fish move in unison. In groups, they switch directions simultaneously as though it is just understood that that is what they do in that situation at that very moment. Likewise, the contemporary theorists treat human communication as a shared social system. Whatever it is that one communicates to another, because the meaning of the words being used are set, the point being communicated is undoubtedly transparent. There should beShow MoreRelatedSolving Interpersonal Communication Problems2592 Words   |  11 PagesSolving Problems of Interpersonal Communication Problems Everything that we do with other people involves communication such that all our social interactions are communicative and they presume communication processes. Interpersonal communication is characterized by: communication from one individual to another, communication which is face to face and both the form and content of communication reflect the personal characteristics of the individual as well as their social roles and relationships (EllisRead MoreEssay about Problems with Interpersonal Communication990 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"What, what did you say?† I often find myself saying this when talking with children. The likely culprit of why is poor listening habits. â€Å"Most people spend mere time listening than they spend on any other communication activity, yet a large percentage of people never learn to listen well.† (TLSC, 2008) The above example is what I like to call â€Å"pseudo listening.† People will be thinking about something else but appear to be listening and only get about half the intended message. Recently atRead MorePersonal Theories Of Interpersonal Communication921 Words   |  4 Pages Interpersonal communication plays a major role in our everyday life, as it helps to form the relationships we have with other people. The relationships we develop contribute greatly to how we learn and grow as individuals. Communication is significant in relationships because it is the foundation for social life and it allows one to start, nurture, and terminate relationships with others. A relationship can be formed when a reciprocal message process occurs between two or more people. For exampleRead MoreEssay on Interpersonal Communications in Sweet Home Alabama1411 Words   |  6 PagesIn Interpersonal Communications, it is important to understand how stereotyping can affect close relationships. When an individual uses stereotyping in a negative way, this in return negatively affects the relationship. This can lead to major problems in the long run. In Sweet Home Alabama, it is easy to see that false stereotypes lead to judgments reflecting badly on relationships. The clip shown of Sweet Home Alabama starts off with Melanie Carmichael, a fashion designer who is about to haveRead MoreInterpersonal Communication And The Workplace946 Words   |  4 PagesInterpersonal communication in the workplace is developed positively or negatively on the individual relationships we have combined with our human behaviors and human actions within each of those relationships. There are many things that can affect interpersonal communications within the workplace, from generational that create technological gaps, to diversity and tolerance it creates, and finally the type of workplace, is it a team environment encouraging inclusiveness within the organization orRead MoreEffectiveness Of Effective Interpersonal Communication1037 Words   |  5 Pageseffective interpersonal communication is the numer one compliance tool and resource for law enforcement officers. According to a survey, law enforcement officers spend 80 percent of the time using their interpersonal communications, whether its verbal, face-to -face, on the two way radio, writing reports, notebooks, computers, etc. It can be basically categorized into communicating within the law enforcement environment and communication within the community. Interpersonal communication can be complexRead MoreA Reflective Report on Interpersonal Management1150 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ A Reflective Report on Interpersonal Management Skills Module Code: 7BSP1010 Course: Interpersonal Management Skills 1 Tutor: Helen MacKinlay Student Name: XU ZHANGYONG Student Number: 13030219 Words: 1046 December 26th 2014 The purposes of this essay is to analyse the improtances of Interpersonal management skills for successful management, and to reflect on a verbal interpersonal cultural based difference people have personally experienced and how develop the cross cultural awarenessRead MoreThe purpose of this paper is not to teach you, or to show you how interpersonal communication is1500 Words   |  6 Pagespurpose of this paper is not to teach you, or to show you how interpersonal communication is essential to everyday life at home or work. But, I am going to do my best to at least show you how essential communication skills are in all areas of life by using me as the example. My plan is to focus on some of the elements of interpersonal communication that we have been touching on this semester. While reading our Interpersonal Communications Book, three goals kept being highlighted that I personallyRead MoreITS 218 Chapter2 GroupWork CaseProjects1730 Words   |  7 PagesThe programs should hav e been written with the conversion information in tables that are easily modified. The way they were written means we have to modify the programs every time we run them. Write a reply to this email that shows empathy for the problem and a good customer-service ethic. E-Mail Reply: Hello, We are terribly sorry that the programs that we created lack the proper flexibility needed by your company. Let’s work together on a new, more detailed, set of program specifications that willRead MorePersonal Statement : Good Will Hunting850 Words   |  4 PagesCommunications is key to the survival of all relationships. The term used to describe the type of communication that helps maintain relationships is interpersonal. An interpersonal relationship is a relationship between two or more people that have a mutual influence on one another. This paper will discuss two of many interpersonal communication concepts. The two concepts are other-oriented and impersonal communication. Also these concepts will be explained and examples will be given from the movie

Environmental Crime Control free essay sample

Outline and critically discuss what you see as the main examples of attempts to control crime using ‘environmental controls’ It is generally understood that crime prevention strategies developed with the neo-liberal governance that began in the 1970’s soon after the decline of welfarism. The rise of the neo-liberalism meant the weakening of rehabilitation efforts, the return of punitive punishment and an increase in the prison population, as well as an increase in society’s fear of crime leading to politicisation and populism linked to crime (Matthews, 2002). Attempts to eradicate or prevent crime have often focused on punishment and a ‘prison works’ system that deals with the offender once the criminal act has occurred, rather than specifically focusing on preventing the crime from happening in the first place. The past decade has shown that the British government’s dogmatic response to crime â€Å"gives priority to case-processing and the punishment of offenders† particularly due to the public’s fear of crime and want for a more punitive response to crime (Garland, 2000, pg2). We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Crime Control or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although environmental control theories are not particularly recognised by the public nor have they been chiefly researched by criminologists in the past, evidence suggests that some forms of environmental control have proven to be highly successful (Clarke, 1983). The idea that crime can be prevented by the analysis of places in which crime occurs most frequently, followed by the alteration of the design of a building or reducing the criminal’s opportunities and temptation to offend, will be examined throughout this paper. Situational Crime prevention emphasises the use of target hardening, surveillance and access control in order to reduce the temptations of crime in urban areas that would usually experience high crime rates (Vellani, 2007). The fundamental theories behind situational crime prevention are rational choice theory and routine activity theory which will be analysed in order to understand their contributions to environmental crime controls today. Lastly, and most importantly, is the influence of ‘Crime Prevention through Environmental design’ in the decline of criminal activity in certain geographical areas. The ‘Defensible space’ theory relies on residents to practice the use of territorial surveillance (Clarke, 1983). All of these theories will be analysed in order to highlight the main examples of attempts to prevent and manipulate crime using environmental controls. Situational crime prevention, or control theory, is an important theory used by academics and criminologists in order to analyse environmental controls used to manage crime. Situational crime prevention emphasises the need to focus on the settings of a crime rather than specifically focusing on the offender (Clarke, 1997). By sourcing out the geographical areas that crime occurs most regularly, law enforcement can then anticipate and prevent that crime from happening. In the 1970’s, UK policy makers had a tendency to focus their attention on ‘dispositional’ rather than ‘situational’ variables when interpreting and approaching crime prevention, which meant focusing specifically on the individuals character and not on the situation or setting that the crime may take place (Hughes, 1998). Jock Young coined the term administrative criminology in the 1980’s in order to argue that â€Å"the search for causes is futile, but the opportunities to commit crime can be controlled† (Hughes, 1998, p59). Administrative criminologists’ focus their research on the setting in which the crime has taken place, ignoring the social causes of crime by assuming that the offender has made a rational decision by means of weighing up the costs and benefits of their behaviour (McLaughlin and Muncie, 2001). As said by Vellani, the four main goals that situational control theory aims to achieve are; â€Å"increasing perceived effort, increasing perceived risk, reducing anticipated awards, and removing excuses† (Vellani, 2007). In order to accomplish these goals successfully there must be some analysis of the criminal’s motivations because the termination of opportunity may infuriate the criminal and possibly lead to crime displacement (Gilling, 2007). Crime displacement theory presumes that once the opportunity of a crime is removed then the criminal act will only move to a different location, at a different time. However, much research indicates that crime displacement is very rare, and may not happen at all (Clarke, 1997; AGJ, 2011). Although administrative criminologists steer away from the social causes of crime the work of community safety partnerships that aim to prevent crime must not be ignored. Community safety partnerships that deal with the ‘social’ crime prevention aspect, aim to deter potential offenders from criminal activity through striving to enhance opportunities in education and employment, as well as improving leisure facilities, with the intention of deterring those most vulnerable away from crime (Ekblom and Tilley, 2000). Routine activity and rational choice theory have developed from situational crime prevention, emphasising the effects of the social environment and situational circumstances on a criminal’s decision to commit crime. Rational choice theory, developed by Ronald V. Clarke, derived from classical theory which suggests that people freely make decisions to commit crime once they have recognised that the pleasure gained from the rewards of committing the crime outweighs the potential pain of being apprehended (Wortley, et al, 2006). This can also be recognised as the concept of psychological hedonism, where the individual evaluates the pleasures and pains prior to committing the crime and then adjusts their behaviour accordingly, balancing the search for pleasure with the evasion of pain (Hughes, 1998). Therefore assuming that if an offender recognises that the opportunity displays a high risk of apprehension, and the benefits are outweighed by the costs, the potential offender may refrain from committing the crime. A noteworthy example is when the law in the UK made it mandatory to wear a crash helmet when riding a motor cycle for safety reasons and possibly, albeit unintentionally, reduced motor cycle theft. A potential offender who is not carrying a crash helmet may be reluctant to steal a motor cycle as the likelihood of gaining the attention of authorities is higher (Clarke, 1980). Although the opportunity for the offender to steal the vehicle was there, the increased risk of encounter with authorities may lead the offender to rationally choose to refrain from committing the crime. The underlying perspective of rational choice theory is that an individual’s choice to commit crime can be deterred because of fear of punishment or strong security measures that heighten the risk of being apprehended (Vellani, 2007). Evidence indicates that Rational Choice theory has been relatively successful due to its cost effective and efficient methods of deterring crime in contemporary society (Hayward, 2007). However, there are several critiques of rational choice theory, for example even if in certain situations a reduction in temptation or opportunities for a criminal who intends to commit crime may result in crime prevention, would this theory have the same outcome for violent and emotionally motivated crimes? Evidence suggest otherwise. An experiment conducted by Exum, indicates that an individual who is intoxicated by lcohol can behave aggressively regardless of the damaging consequences that may occur due to this behaviour (Exum, 2002). Several studies reveal that rational choice theory can be undermined when the perceived cost and benefits are not rationally weighed out by the individual due to intoxication, mental disorders, gang related crime and much more. Routine activity theory implies that the re must be a willing offender, a target (or victim), and no capable guardian present, in order for the crime to take place (Wortley, et al, 2006). Consequently, if an opportunity arises for the criminal, during his daily routine activities such as school or university, and he has calculated that the risk of being caught is outweighed by the pleasure of the crime, then it is likely to occur. It is important to understand that a capable guardian does not have to be a human, as now days CCTV is provided as a tool of monitoring and prevention. Research suggests that CCTV is a form of situational crime prevention used in order to deter criminals by the threat of being seen and even recorded. However, Richard Jones states that evaluation schemes of CCTV suggest that this form of surveillance was not as effective as expected in the 1990’s and suggested that â€Å"something as simple as street lighting may be more effective† (Jones, 2009). Furthermore, the use of CCTV has become particularly popular with British citizens since the UK riots of August 2011. According to a survey published in the Independent newspaper, three quarters of people felt that they were safer in public areas due to CCTV being in operation (2011). What seems to be the most alarming, is the fact that so many of the youth involved in the riots knew of the CCTV surveillance cameras but still continued to carry on committing crime. This demonstrates the inefficiency of CCTV for preventing crime, albeit footage can be used to warrant an arrest and be used as evidence in court. In order for situational crime prevention to work, there must be a reduction in the opportunities to commit crime, perhaps through concepts such as target hardening (Vellani, 2007). Target hardening is a crime prevention tool used to substantially increase the physical security of targets, making the target less vulnerable, especially when preventing theft. The North Yorkshire police suggest, wheel locks for cars, fencing and alarms for properties, and tough locks on windows and doors, in order to make objects and property more resistant to damage or removal (NYP, 2012). Target hardening differs from situational crime control as the aim is to make security measures visible to the potential criminal rather than taking away the criminals opportunity. This method derived from the theory of ‘Crime Prevention through Environmental Design’. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) was developed by C. Ray Jeffery in order to reduce opportunities for criminals and preventing the crime before the police or criminal justice system have to become involved (Clarke and Felson, 1993). CPTED uses the built environment to reduce criminal activity and fear of crime among the public, focusing on aspects of architectural design. There are four main strategies used to implement CPTED, which consist of the natural control of access and surveillance, territorial reinforcement and quality environments (NCPC, 2009). The idea of access control is to provide a design that offers indications as to who is allowed to access the area and who is not. This way residence can be their own security systems, with little cost, using strategies such as natural surveillance. Thus, using gateways, sidewalks and pathways to help map out the restrictions of a site that may be private, semi-private or are no longer a public space (Zahm, 2007; NCPC, 2009). The natural surveillance strategy can be enhanced by small physical features such as garden fences or flower beds as they illustrate the maintenance and care that the residents hold over their property and suggests to the potential criminal that they will be aware of trespassers (Zahm, 2007). If the criminal can see that the resident’s view from the windows looks upon the front or back garden they are likely to feel more of a risk is involved in committing the crime, than if the windows are covered by plants or are not overlooking the outside area. The theory of CPTED derived from that of Oscar Newman’s ‘Defensible space’ theory. Turning areas into ‘defensible space’ can be achieved through residential guardians monitoring their property, potentially deterring criminals from targeting their homes. Newman believed that urban residential areas could be redesigned to make them less vulnerable to crime and provide residents with additional â€Å"opportunities to control their space and defend it if necessary† (Reynald and Elffers, 2009). Newman believed that residents needed to take responsibility for the physical space around their property and in order to do so they needed to take care of the space and use it in order to encourage criminal users to stay away. A communal courtyard is an example of a space in which the residents should avoid isolating, and focus on keeping the area clean and respectable. Newman has been heavily criticised over the years for ignoring the social factors of potential criminals living inside the large council houses and in the surrounding areas. Many believe that focusing on the setting and design of a building to deter crime is less beneficial then crime prevention through analysis of social factors. Nevertheless, evidence indicates that there has been a positive outcome in many cases where a significant decline in crime related problems has happened due to the redesigning of buildings (Reynaldc and Elffers, 2009). The most significant aspect of Newman’s theory of defensible space is the idea of ‘territoriality’, meaning that residents will be able to control and defend their space. By dividing spaces into zones made up of real and symbolic barriers, the outcome will be a clear distinction between what spaces are public, semi- private and private (Newman, 1996). As stated before, physical barriers such as fences are defined as ‘real’ and symbolic barriers are those such as plants, that don’t physically limit criminals but psychologically portray to the criminal it is private and therefore restricted (Reynald and Elffers, 2009). Buildings that have large amounts of people living in them may be better protected by the natural surveillance of a receptionist, doormen, or elevator operators that can deter criminals by the increased perception that the criminal understands he may be seen (Newman, 1996). However, for low income, council housing, the natural surveillance of doormen etc. , is not a possibility due to financial restrictions. The use of sensor lighting in spaces such as stairwells and entrances to avoid blind spots and to startle an intruder may prevent criminal activity and is more cost effective for low- income families. Other examples may be to design buildings that ensure windows are overlooking car parks and entrances, and the use of moderately transparent fences in joining houses may deter criminals, as the neighbours’ ability to see if anyone is intruding (Crime stoppers, 2005). Traditional methods of preventing crime by addressing the social and psychological causes, with much focus on the individual, has not produced a significant decrease in criminal activity in many countries, specifically the UK over the past decade. Based on past, and current, research into the success of environmental controls used to prevent crime, it is clear that substantial efforts have been made to focus on changing the setting, reducing temptation and eradicating opportunities for crime to occur. The public’s increased fear of crime over the past two decades has had a considerable impact on the ground upon which crime control policies have been created, consequently leading to a populist and punitive response to tackling crime. Situational crime control methods such as target hardening, surveillance and access control have proved to successfully deter criminals by heightening the risk of apprehension and removing opportunities. CPTED has encouraged the public to take a territorial stand against crime by essentially defending their own homes and becoming their own security. Societies are recognising that simple alterations in the layout of their residential areas could potentially prevent crime. The ‘defensible space’ theory has helped law enforcement to urge the individuals to make small changes to their homes, such as lighting, direct pathways or trimming hedges that cover windows in order to reduce crime. Even if environmental crime controls are not the most effective form of preventing crime, it can be seen from the above analysis that they are still cost effective and beneficial to the public. Further research that combines the work of situation and dispositional crime prevention theories could result in a further reduction in crime. Bibliography Attorney General and Justice NSW (2011)  Displacement Theory and Crime Prevention  . [online] Available at: http://www. crimeprevention. nsw. gov. au/agdbasev7wr/_assets/cpd/m660001l2/displacementtheoryfactsheet_nov2011. pdf [Accessed: 8th May 2013]. Clarke, R. (1997)  Situational Crime Prevention Successful Case Studies. [report] New York: Harrow and Heston , p. 2-42. Clarke, R. (1980) Situational Crime Prevention: Theory and Practice . British Journal of Criminology, 20 (2), . 141. Available at: http://heinonline. org/HOL/Page? collection=journalsamp;handle=hein. journals/bjcrim20amp;div=19amp;id=amp;page=#148 [Accessed: 10th May 2013]. Clarke, R. (1983) Situational Crime Prevention: Its Theoretical Basis and Practical Scope. Chicago Journals, 4 Available at: http://www. jstor. org/stable/1147510? seq=1 [Accessed: 1st May 2013]. Clarke, R. and Felson, M. (1993)  Routine activity and rational choice. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. Crime Stoppers (2005)  Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) Preventing crime through good layout and design | Crimestoppers UK. online] Available at: http://www. crimestoppers-uk. org/crime-prevention/helping-prevent-crime/community/crime-prevention-through-environmental-design-cpted [Accessed: 10 May 2013]. Ekblom, P. and Tilley, N. (2000) Going Equipped . British Journal of Criminology, 40 (3), p. 376-398. Available at: http://bjc. oxfordjournals. org/content/40/3/376. full. pdf+html? sid=e6467d4e-8345-4088-bd72-28e9bc9f934c [Accessed: 2nd May 2013]. Exum, M. (2002) The Application and Robustness of the Rational Choice Perspective In The Study of Iintoxicated and Angry Intentions to Aggress. criminology, 40 (4), p. 933-961. Available at: http://onlinelibrary. iley. com/doi/10. 1111/j. 1745-9125. 2002. tb00978. x/pdf [Accessed: 4th April 20 13]. Garland, D. (2000) The Culture of High Crime Societies. British Journal of Criminology, 40 (3), p. 347-375. Available at: http://bjc. oxfordjournals. org/content/40/3/347. full. pdf+html [Accessed: 4th May 2013]. Gilling, D. (2007) Making a reality of rural community safety. Safer Communities  , 6 (3), p. 7-13. Hayward, K. (2007) kwell Publishing Ltd. 2007 XXX Original Articles Social Policy amp; Administration, Vol. 41, No. 3, June 2007 Situational Crime Prevention and its Discontents: Rational Choice Theory versus the ‘Culture of Now’. Social Policy and Administration, 41 (3), p. 232-250. Available at: http://kar. kent. ac. uk/261/1/hayward2007spol_550. pdf [Accessed: 1st May 2013]. Hughes, G. (1998)  Understanding crime prevention. Buckingham [England]: Open University Press. Jones, R. (n. d. ) Surveillance . In: Hale, C. and Hayward, K. , et al. eds. (2009)  Criminology. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 532-535. Justice. govt. nz (2001)  Part C: Overview of the Target Hardening Programme Evaluation — Ministry of Justice, New Zealand. [online] Available at: http://www. justice. govt. z/publications/global-publications/e/evaluation-of-the-target-hardening-pilot-programme/part-c-overview-of-the-target-hardening-programme-evaluation [Accessed: 9 May 2013]. Matthews, R. (2002) Crime and control in late modernity. Theoretical Criminology, 6 (2), p. 217-226. Available at: http://tcr. sagepub. com/content/6/2/217. short [Accessed: 4th May 2013]. Mclaughlin, E. and Muncie, J (2001)  The Sage di ctionary of criminology. London [u. a. ]: Sage. National Crime Prevention Council (2009)  Best Practices for Using Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design in Weed and Seed Sites. report] Arlington : National Crime Prevention Council , p. 1-8. Newman, O. (1996)  Creating defensible space. Washington, D. C. : U. S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research. North Yorkshire Police (2012)  Ten principles of crime prevention. [online] Available at: http://www. northyorkshire. police. uk/9701 [Accessed: 12 May 2013]. Reynald , D. and Elffers, H. (2009) The Future of Newmans Defensible Space Theory : Linking Defensible Space and the Routine Activities of Place. European Journal of Criminology, 6 (1), p. 5-46. Available at: http://euc. sagepub. com/content/6/1/25. full. pdf+html [Accessed: 6th May 2013]. The Independent (2011)  More support for CCTV after riots. [online] Available at: http://www. independent. co. uk/news/uk/crime/more-su pport-for-cctv-after-riots-2375768. html [Accessed: 12 May 2013]. Vellani, K. (2007)  Strategic security management. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann. Von Hirsch, A. and Garland, D. , et al. (2000)  Ethical and social perspectives on situational crime prevention. Oxford: Hart. Wortley, S. and Seepersad, R. , et al. 2006)  Chapter 3: Rational Choice And Routine Activities Theory. [online] Available at: http://www. children. gov. on. ca/htdocs/English/topics/youthandthelaw/roots/volume5/chapter03_rational_choice. aspx [Accessed: 9 May 2013]. Zahm, D. (2007)  Using Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design in Problem-Solving. Problem-Oriented Guides for Police Problem-Solving Tools Series Guide Number 8. [report] U. S Department of Justice, p. 1-57. Critical Literature Review Outline and critically discuss what you see as the main examples of attempts to control crime using ‘environmental controls’ A wide range of academic literature was required in order to accurately examine the main examples of attempts to control crime using ‘environmental controls’. It has become clear that the rise of neo-liberalism, along with the public’s increased fear of crime has called upon more punitive crime control methods, especially in the UK. The rise in prison population in England and Wales went up 41,800 prisoners between the years of 1993-2012 indicating that the current social control methods, and catering to the publics want for harsher punishment does not seem to be deterring crime (MoJ, 2013). Therefore, criminologists and policy makers have progressively continued to research different methods of crime prevention. This essay will use secondary sources such as books, journal articles, reports and newspapers in order to examine the different forms of environmental crime controls used in contemporary society. The essay will investigate situational crime prevention, rational choice and routine activity theory, crime prevention through environmental design and defensible space theory as the main examples of attempts to environmentally control crime. Each of these theoretical positions make an important contribution to the environmental aspect of crime prevention that is sometimes disregarded by criminologists because of its neglect to focus on the individual offenders dispositional attributes. However this essay will attempt to uncover the strongest and most influential aspects of environmental controls, nonetheless, also taking into account and examining the reasons for such criticisms. The book by Gordon Hughes, ‘Understanding Crime Prevention’ will be used to understand the foundations of situational crime prevention and the development of administrative criminology (1998). Hughes highlights the significance of target hardening and surveillance, but more importantly refers to other academics that delve further into the analysis of situational crime prevention predominantly. Hughes work assisted in identifying the need to analyse the works of Ronald V. Clarke, and David Garland and expressed the opinions of academics like Jock Young, on the opic of crime prevention. Essentially, the book was a perfect starting point for the analysis of crime prevention and later found to be very helpful in the examination of routine activity theory. The work of David Garland in the book The Culture of Control illustrated the changes in social and political responses to crime over the past thirty years, highlighting the â€Å"link between the coming of late modernity a nd society’s increased susceptibility to crime† (Garland, 2001, p90). Garlands book aided to comprehend the political factors and the role of the criminal justice system in situational crime prevention. Several academic literatures by Ronald V Clarke were examined in order to understand the development of rational choice theory from the classical school of criminology. Clarke reports that situational crime prevention has been extremely successful in the sense that it â€Å"introduces managerial and environmental change to reduce the opportunities† for certain crimes to occur (Clarke, 1997, p1). His emphasis on the understanding that a crime cannot be simply explained through dispositional attributes is backed up by his ability to defend many of the criticisms directed at situational theories. Karim Vellani’s book ‘Strategic Security Management’ also proved to be useful when exploring the theory of rational choice, as he introduces the perspective that encourages real or perceived security measures to persuade the rational actor (criminal) that the risks of apprehension are too high to carry out the crime (Vellani, 2007). Vellani’s stress on the significance of security measures as a major crime deterrence has continued to be recognised as successful for not only rational choice theory, but also routine activity theory and crime prevention through environmental control. Routine activity theory suggests that crime occurs when the target, being an object or victim, is unprotected and the reward of the crime is worth the slight risk of being caught, then it is likely that the crime will occur (Wortley and Seepersad, 2006). The journal article The Future of Newmans Defensible Space Theory, gave exceptional insight into the development of Oscar Newman’s ‘defensible space’ theory over the past thirty five years (Reynald and Elffers, 2009). The article also highlights the decline in crime related problems attributable to the redesigning of buildings, the importance of tenants to defend their neighbouring areas and examines the use of real and symbolic forms of crime prevention. In order to fully grasp the concept of defensible

Change and the World Changes for You free essay sample

OPPapers. com Research Papers and Essays for All †¢ Join †¢ Login †¢ Writing Service †¢ Help †¢ Question? 888-442-7499 †¢ Follow Us on Twitter †¢ Join †¢ †¢ Top of Form [pic] Bottom of Form Get Better Grades Today By Joining OPPapers. com and Accessing Over 470,000 Articles and Essays! get better grades Change And The World Changes For You †¢ Home Page » †¢ Miscellaneous Research Papers Change And The World Changes For You CHANGE AND THE WORLD CHANGES FOR YOU! The famous social worker THE MAHATMA of our country said a famous adage BE THE CHANGE THAT YOU WISH TO SEE IN THE WORLD for us to adhere. Change is not going to come if we wait for some other person, or if we are waiting for some other time we are the ones for whom we were waiting for, we are the change that we seek. One man is enough to cause a revolution in the world; MAHATMA abridged his thoughts in a single adage. We will write a custom essay sample on Change and the World Changes for You or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Being a normal person one can become MAHATMA in life which not only be an acme for there life but also for this world. Mother Teresa said I alone cannot change the world but can cast a stone which can cause many ripples in the water†, even one contribution can lead this world a step further towards success. Each an every person in this world thinks adrift towards Is this essay helpful? Join OPPapers to read more and access more than 470,000 just like it! get  better  grades world but not with a new hope and aim which the world needs. The coming generation plays a crucial role in changing the world for a better leaving for which we need to make a change in the environment. The coming generation should be a dynamo to make a change in this world. No matter from where we are and what we do but we can always change and become a better version of our self. A tiny change today can make a dramatically change tomorrow. Each and every person in this world needs to pass through uncomfortable Tran sessions to place this world in a better position. Meanings 1. Adage proverb or saying 2. Adhere abide 3. Abridge to shorten by using for fewer words 4. Acme the highest point of achievement 5. Adrift aimless 6. dynamo- a very energetic person Read Full Essay Already a Member? Login Now  » This essay and over 470,000 other essays are available now on OPPapers. com. Submitted by: farha15 †¢ Date Submitted: 08/25/2011 07:01 AM †¢ Category: Miscellaneous †¢ Length: 2 pages (303 words) †¢ Views: 244 †¢ Rank: 480 †¢ Report this Essay †¢ Save Paper †¢ †¢ Related Essays †¢ b. f Skinners Waldo Two †¢ Women Who Changed The †¢ The Power Of One: One †¢ How Did World War 2 Change The †¢ The Changing World Of Women †¢ Climate Change And World †¢ How Did World War One †¢ Japan Changes From †¢ Wwi-Wwii Events That †¢ How The Hippies Changed †¢ How Our World Is Changing †¢ These Teachers Change The Literacy In An Ever †¢ Pope John Xxiii: a Partner †¢ Changing The World †¢ Brave New World As Huxley †¢ Tesla And Iter Will Change †¢ Printing Press And a †¢ 5. Technology Changes The †¢ What Were The Causes And †¢ The Impact Of Information †¢ Climate Change, Coral †¢ Changes In The Working †¢ How Changes In Technology †¢ How To Change The World †¢ Internet: Technology Which †¢ Death Of a Salesman And †¢ How Did The First World †¢ How Does Cranes Explain †¢ Realism Vs. Idealism: How Read Full Essay Already a Member? Login Now  » Reviews (0) Grade No grades Be the first person to evaluate the essay! Login to grade this document. RSS  ©2011 OPPapers. com Help †¢ About Us †¢ Our Blog †¢ F. A. Q. †¢ Contact Us Other Stuff †¢ Legal †¢ Site Stats †¢ Sitemap Saved Papers Save papers so you can find them more easily! Join Now Get instant access to over 470,000 papers. Join Now Recent Topics †¢ Segmentation Of †¢ Discuss The †¢ Leisure Time †¢ Electronic Media †¢ Management Function †¢ The Absurd Thomas Nagel